As researchers learn more about the community fabric of microbial ecosystems, it is likely that we will come to recognize sentinel microbes that will tell us, by their presence or absence and abundance, important information about the state of that ecosystem.
For example, the identification of microbes that carry out specific transformations of nitrogen or phosphorus might indicate the status of these important nutrients in aquatic or soil ecosystems. Likewise, the presence of microorganisms with certain biodegradative capacities could be an indicator of specific pollutants in an environment.
The ability to rapidly identify these individual organisms within populations of thousands of different species is essential for understanding how they will affect our ecosystems. Bacterial characterization will also assist in elucidating the mechanisms that govern microbial pathogenesis, and allow for the discovery of important protein targets essential to the development of vaccines, diagnostic kits, and therapeutics for infectious diseases.
It is these kinds of applications that make the continued development of techniques for bacterial identification important both for basic science and for the maintenance of human and environmental health. We thank Scott Jenkins for his help in editing the manuscript and David Cleland for his help in preparing figure 1.
We also acknowledge that many excellent papers, particularly those providing examples of the use of the technologies described herein, could not be cited because of space limitations.
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Claydon M. Evason D. Walker J. Fox A. Gordon D. Rapid discrimination between methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by intact cell mass spectrometry. Journal of Medical Microbiology 49 : - Fenn J. Mann M. Meng C. Wong S. Whitehouse C. Electrospray ionization for mass spectrometry of large biomolecules. Science : 64 - Frye J. Jesse T. Long F. Rondeau G.
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Re-evaluating prokaryotic species. Nature Reviews Microbiology 3 : - Gillis M. Vandamme P. De Vos P. Swings J. Kersters K. Polyphasic taxonomy. Pages 43 - Castenholtz R. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. Goris J. Konstantinidis K. Klappenbach J. Coenye T. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 57 : 81 - GeoChip: A comprehensive microarray for investigating biogeochemical, ecological and environmental processes.
Hecker M. Engelmann S. Cordwell S. Proteomics of Staphylococcus aureus —current state and future challenges. Holland R. Wilkes J. Rafii F. Sutherland J. Persons C. Voorhees K. Lay J. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 10 : - Honisch C. Chen Y. Mortimer C.
Arnold C. Schmidt O. Cantor C. Shah H. Challenge testing A practical study to determine the behaviour of relevant organisms. Predictive microbiology Computer simulation of the growth of microorganisms. Microorganism identification A key part of the management of food safety and quality. Rapid microbiological methods Advice on most suitable methods for use. Microbiological methods evaluation Evaluating microbiological methods, validation and interpretation.
Microbiological risk assessment Helping to guide clients through the complex evaluation process. Laboratory design Expertise in issues relating to microbiology laboratories. Processing to remove microorganisms Advice on different heating regimes. In order to identify an unknown in the clinical laboratory, a sample must be collected from the patient. This could be a sample of urine, feces, saliva, or a swab of the throat or skin.
Because the clinical samples will most likely contain many microorganisms, both normal flora and pathogens, it is important to isolate the pathogen in a pure culture using various types of selective and differential media.
Following isolation, one of the first steps in identifying a bacterial isolate is the Gram stain , which allows for the determination of the Gram reaction, morphology, and arrangement of the organism. DNA microarray-based approach is used for the quick detection and identification of bacteria using species-specific oligonucleotide probes designed for specific regions of various targeted genes.
Toggle navigation. Challenges in Bacterial Identification Traditional methods of bacterial identification rely on phenotypic identification of the causative organism using gram staining, culture and biochemical methods.
Real Time PCR Based Bacterial Identification Using a DNA based assay, one can easily detect bacterial strains directly from clinical samples or from small amounts of cultured bacterial cells, thus improving the sensitivity and decreasing the time required for bacterial identification. Microarray Based Bacterial Identification Microarrays combines the potential of simultaneous bacterial identification and speciation. Live Chat by Comm
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